video_core: check if depth image is valid before using it (#4479)

* check if depth image is valid before using it

* fix uid usage

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -741,6 +741,7 @@ set(COMMON src/common/logging/classes.h
            src/common/elf_info.h
            src/common/endian.h
            src/common/enum.h
+           src/common/incremental_id.h
            src/common/io_file.cpp
            src/common/io_file.h
            src/common/lru_cache.h

src/common/incremental_id.h

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 shadPS4 Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+#include <atomic>
+
+namespace Common {
+template <typename CounterType>
+class IncrementalIdProvider {
+public:
+    IncrementalIdProvider() : counter(0) {}
+    ~IncrementalIdProvider() = default;
+
+    CounterType Next() {
+        return counter.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed) + 1;
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::atomic<CounterType> counter;
+};
+
+} // namespace Common

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.cpp

@@ -702,10 +702,10 @@ void Rasterizer::BindTextures(const Shader::Info& stage, Shader::Backend::Bindin
 
             image_id = texture_cache.FindImage(desc);
             auto* image = &texture_cache.GetImage(image_id);
-            if (image->depth_id) {
+            if (auto depth_image_id = texture_cache.GetAssociatedDepth(*image)) {
                 // If this image has an associated depth image, it's a stencil attachment.
                 // Redirect the access to the actual depth-stencil buffer.
-                image_id = image->depth_id;
+                image_id = depth_image_id;
                 image = &texture_cache.GetImage(image_id);
             }
             if (image->binding.is_bound) {

src/video_core/texture_cache/image.cpp

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ namespace VideoCore {
 
 using namespace Vulkan;
 
+Common::IncrementalIdProvider<u64> Image::global_image_uid{};
+
 static vk::ImageUsageFlags ImageUsageFlags(const Vulkan::Instance* instance,
                                            const ImageInfo& info) {
     vk::ImageUsageFlags usage = vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferSrc |
@@ -119,6 +121,7 @@ Image::Image(const Vulkan::Instance& instance_, Vulkan::Scheduler& scheduler_,
     if (info.pixel_format == vk::Format::eUndefined) {
         return;
     }
+    image_uid = global_image_uid.Next();
     mip_hashes.resize(info.resources.levels);
     // Here we force `eExtendedUsage` as don't know all image usage cases beforehand. In normal case
     // the texture cache should re-create the resource with the usage requested

src/video_core/texture_cache/image.h

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "common/enum.h"
+#include "common/incremental_id.h"
 #include "common/types.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_common.h"
 #include "video_core/texture_cache/image_info.h"
@@ -111,8 +112,14 @@ struct Image {
         return True(flags & ImageFlagBits::GpuModified) && False(flags & (ImageFlagBits::Dirty));
     }
 
-    void AssociateDepth(ImageId image_id) {
+    void AssociateDepth(ImageId depth_image_id, u64 depth_image_uid) {
-        depth_id = image_id;
+        depth_id = depth_image_id;
+        depth_uid = depth_image_uid;
+    }
+
+    void DisassociateDepth() {
+        depth_id = {};
+        depth_uid = {};
     }
 
     ImageView& FindView(const ImageViewInfo& view_info, bool ensure_guest_samples = true);
@@ -149,6 +156,7 @@ public:
     VAddr track_addr = 0;
     VAddr track_addr_end = 0;
     ImageId depth_id{};
+    u64 depth_uid{};
 
     // Resource state tracking
     vk::ImageUsageFlags usage_flags;
@@ -169,6 +177,7 @@ public:
     std::deque<BackingImage> backing_images;
     BackingImage* backing{};
     boost::container::static_vector<u64, 16> mip_hashes{};
+    u64 image_uid{};
     u64 lru_id{};
     u64 tick_accessed_last{};
     u64 hash{};
@@ -187,6 +196,9 @@ public:
         u32 needs_rebind : 1;
         u32 force_general : 1;
     } binding{};
+
+private:
+    static Common::IncrementalIdProvider<u64> global_image_uid;
 };
 
 } // namespace VideoCore

src/video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache.cpp

@@ -708,9 +708,9 @@ ImageView& TextureCache::FindDepthTarget(ImageId image_id, const ImageDesc& desc
                 slot_images.insert(instance, scheduler, blit_helper, slot_image_views, info);
             RegisterImage(stencil_id);
         }
-        Image& image = slot_images[stencil_id];
+        Image& stencil_image = slot_images[stencil_id];
-        TouchImage(image);
+        TouchImage(stencil_image);
-        image.AssociateDepth(image_id);
+        stencil_image.AssociateDepth(image_id, image.image_uid);
     }
 
     return image.FindView(desc.view_info, false);

src/video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache.h

@@ -152,6 +152,23 @@ public:
         return slot_image_views[id];
     }
 
+    /// Get the associated depth stencil image if it is still valid.
+    ImageId GetAssociatedDepth(Image& image) {
+        if (!image.depth_id) {
+            return {};
+        }
+        if (slot_images.is_allocated(image.depth_id)) {
+            auto& depth_image = slot_images[image.depth_id];
+            if (depth_image.image_uid == image.depth_uid &&
+                depth_image.flags & ImageFlagBits::Registered) {
+                return image.depth_id;
+            }
+        }
+        // The linked depth image is no longer valid, disassociate it.
+        image.DisassociateDepth();
+        return {};
+    }
+
     /// Returns true if the specified address is a metadata surface.
     bool IsMeta(VAddr address) const {
         return surface_metas.contains(address);