shadPS4/src/emulator.cpp

// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025-2026 shadPS4 Emulator Project
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

#include <filesystem>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <fmt/core.h>
#include <fmt/xchar.h>
#include <hwinfo/hwinfo.h>

#include "common/config.h"
#include "common/debug.h"
#include "common/logging/backend.h"
#include "common/logging/log.h"
#include "common/thread.h"
#include "core/ipc/ipc.h"
#ifdef ENABLE_DISCORD_RPC
#include "common/discord_rpc_handler.h"
#endif
#include "common/elf_info.h"
#include "common/memory_patcher.h"
#include "common/ntapi.h"
#include "common/path_util.h"
#include "common/polyfill_thread.h"
#include "common/scm_rev.h"
#include "common/singleton.h"
#include "core/debugger.h"
#include "core/devtools/widget/module_list.h"
#include "core/emulator_state.h"
#include "core/file_format/psf.h"
#include "core/file_format/trp.h"
#include "core/file_sys/fs.h"
#include "core/libraries/kernel/kernel.h"
#include "core/libraries/libs.h"
#include "core/libraries/np/np_trophy.h"
#include "core/libraries/save_data/save_backup.h"
#include "core/linker.h"
#include "core/memory.h"
#include "emulator.h"
#include "video_core/cache_storage.h"
#include "video_core/renderdoc.h"

#ifdef _WIN32
#include <WinSock2.h>
#endif

#ifndef _WIN32
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#endif

Frontend::WindowSDL* g_window = nullptr;

namespace Core {

Emulator::Emulator() {
    // Initialize NT API functions, set high priority and disable WER
#ifdef _WIN32
    Common::NtApi::Initialize();
    SetPriorityClass(GetCurrentProcess(), ABOVE_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS);
    SetErrorMode(SetErrorMode(0) | SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX);
    // need to init this in order for winsock2 to work
    WORD versionWanted = MAKEWORD(2, 2);
    WSADATA wsaData;
    WSAStartup(versionWanted, &wsaData);
#endif
}

Emulator::~Emulator() {}

s32 ReadCompiledSdkVersion(const std::filesystem::path& file) {
    Core::Loader::Elf elf;
    elf.Open(file);
    if (!elf.IsElfFile()) {
        return 0;
    }
    const auto elf_pheader = elf.GetProgramHeader();
    auto i_procparam = std::find_if(elf_pheader.begin(), elf_pheader.end(), [](const auto& entry) {
        return entry.p_type == PT_SCE_PROCPARAM;
    });

    if (i_procparam != elf_pheader.end()) {
        Core::OrbisProcParam param{};
        elf.LoadSegment(u64(&param), i_procparam->p_offset, i_procparam->p_filesz);
        return param.sdk_version;
    }
    return 0;
}

void Emulator::Run(std::filesystem::path file, std::vector<std::string> args,
                   std::optional<std::filesystem::path> p_game_folder) {
    Common::SetCurrentThreadName("shadPS4:Main");
    if (waitForDebuggerBeforeRun) {
        Debugger::WaitForDebuggerAttach();
    }

    if (std::filesystem::is_directory(file)) {
        file /= "eboot.bin";
    }

    std::filesystem::path game_folder;
    if (p_game_folder.has_value()) {
        game_folder = p_game_folder.value();
    } else {
        game_folder = file.parent_path();
        if (const auto game_folder_name = game_folder.filename().string();
            game_folder_name.ends_with("-UPDATE") || game_folder_name.ends_with("-patch")) {
            // If an executable was launched from a separate update directory,
            // use the base game directory as the game folder.
            const std::string base_name = game_folder_name.substr(0, game_folder_name.rfind('-'));
            const auto base_path = game_folder.parent_path() / base_name;
            if (std::filesystem::is_directory(base_path)) {
                game_folder = base_path;
            }
        }
    }

    std::filesystem::path eboot_name = std::filesystem::relative(file, game_folder);

    // Applications expect to be run from /app0 so mount the file's parent path as app0.
    auto* mnt = Common::Singleton<Core::FileSys::MntPoints>::Instance();
    mnt->Mount(game_folder, "/app0", true);
    // Certain games may use /hostapp as well such as CUSA001100
    mnt->Mount(game_folder, "/hostapp", true);

    const auto param_sfo_path = mnt->GetHostPath("/app0/sce_sys/param.sfo");
    const auto param_sfo_exists = std::filesystem::exists(param_sfo_path);

    // Load param.sfo details if it exists
    std::string id;
    std::string title;
    std::string app_version;
    u32 sdk_version;
    u32 fw_version;
    Common::PSFAttributes psf_attributes{};
    if (param_sfo_exists) {
        auto* param_sfo = Common::Singleton<PSF>::Instance();
        ASSERT_MSG(param_sfo->Open(param_sfo_path), "Failed to open param.sfo");

        const auto content_id = param_sfo->GetString("CONTENT_ID");
        const auto title_id = param_sfo->GetString("TITLE_ID");
        if (content_id.has_value() && !content_id->empty()) {
            id = std::string(*content_id, 7, 9);
        } else if (title_id.has_value()) {
            id = *title_id;
        }
        title = param_sfo->GetString("TITLE").value_or("Unknown title");
        fw_version = param_sfo->GetInteger("SYSTEM_VER").value_or(0x4700000);
        app_version = param_sfo->GetString("APP_VER").value_or("Unknown version");
        if (const auto raw_attributes = param_sfo->GetInteger("ATTRIBUTE")) {
            psf_attributes.raw = *raw_attributes;
        }

        // Extract sdk version from pubtool info.
        std::string_view pubtool_info =
            param_sfo->GetString("PUBTOOLINFO").value_or("Unknown value");
        u64 sdk_ver_offset = pubtool_info.find("sdk_ver");

        if (sdk_ver_offset == pubtool_info.npos) {
            // Default to using firmware version if SDK version is not found.
            sdk_version = fw_version;
        } else {
            // Increment offset to account for sdk_ver= part of string.
            sdk_ver_offset += 8;
            u64 sdk_ver_len = pubtool_info.find(",", sdk_ver_offset);
            if (sdk_ver_len == pubtool_info.npos) {
                // If there's no more commas, this is likely the last entry of pubtool info.
                // Use string length instead.
                sdk_ver_len = pubtool_info.size();
            }
            sdk_ver_len -= sdk_ver_offset;
            std::string sdk_ver_string = pubtool_info.substr(sdk_ver_offset, sdk_ver_len).data();
            // Number is stored in base 16.
            sdk_version = std::stoi(sdk_ver_string, nullptr, 16);
        }
    }

    auto guest_eboot_path = "/app0/" + eboot_name.generic_string();
    const auto eboot_path = mnt->GetHostPath(guest_eboot_path);

    auto& game_info = Common::ElfInfo::Instance();
    game_info.initialized = true;
    game_info.game_serial = id;
    game_info.title = title;
    game_info.app_ver = app_version;
    game_info.firmware_ver = fw_version & 0xFFF00000;
    game_info.raw_firmware_ver = fw_version;
    game_info.sdk_ver = ReadCompiledSdkVersion(eboot_path);
    game_info.psf_attributes = psf_attributes;

    const auto pic1_path = mnt->GetHostPath("/app0/sce_sys/pic1.png");
    if (std::filesystem::exists(pic1_path)) {
        game_info.splash_path = pic1_path;
    }

    game_info.game_folder = game_folder;

    Config::load(Common::FS::GetUserPath(Common::FS::PathType::CustomConfigs) / (id + ".toml"),
                 true);

    if (std::filesystem::exists(Common::FS::GetUserPath(Common::FS::PathType::CustomConfigs) /
                                (id + ".toml"))) {
        EmulatorState::GetInstance()->SetGameSpecifigConfigUsed(true);
    } else {
        EmulatorState::GetInstance()->SetGameSpecifigConfigUsed(false);
    }

    // Initialize logging as soon as possible
    if (!id.empty() && Config::getSeparateLogFilesEnabled()) {
        Common::Log::Initialize(id + ".log");
    } else {
        Common::Log::Initialize();
    }
    Common::Log::Start();
    if (!std::filesystem::exists(file)) {
        LOG_CRITICAL(Loader, "eboot.bin does not exist: {}",
                     std::filesystem::absolute(file).string());
        std::quick_exit(0);
    }

    LOG_INFO(Loader, "Starting shadps4 emulator v{} ", Common::g_version);
    LOG_INFO(Loader, "Revision {}", Common::g_scm_rev);
    LOG_INFO(Loader, "Branch {}", Common::g_scm_branch);
    LOG_INFO(Loader, "Description {}", Common::g_scm_desc);
    LOG_INFO(Loader, "Remote {}", Common::g_scm_remote_url);

    const bool has_game_config = std::filesystem::exists(
        Common::FS::GetUserPath(Common::FS::PathType::CustomConfigs) / (id + ".toml"));
    LOG_INFO(Config, "Game-specific config exists: {}", has_game_config);

    LOG_INFO(Config, "General LogType: {}", Config::getLogType());
    LOG_INFO(Config, "General isIdenticalLogGrouped: {}", Config::groupIdenticalLogs());
    LOG_INFO(Config, "General isNeo: {}", Config::isNeoModeConsole());
    LOG_INFO(Config, "General isDevKit: {}", Config::isDevKitConsole());
    LOG_INFO(Config, "General isConnectedToNetwork: {}", Config::getIsConnectedToNetwork());
    LOG_INFO(Config, "General isPsnSignedIn: {}", Config::getPSNSignedIn());
    LOG_INFO(Config, "GPU isNullGpu: {}", Config::nullGpu());
    LOG_INFO(Config, "GPU readbacksMode: {}", Config::getReadbacksMode());
    LOG_INFO(Config, "GPU readbackLinearImages: {}", Config::readbackLinearImages());
    LOG_INFO(Config, "GPU directMemoryAccess: {}", Config::directMemoryAccess());
    LOG_INFO(Config, "GPU shouldDumpShaders: {}", Config::dumpShaders());
    LOG_INFO(Config, "GPU vblankFrequency: {}", Config::vblankFreq());
    LOG_INFO(Config, "GPU shouldCopyGPUBuffers: {}", Config::copyGPUCmdBuffers());
    LOG_INFO(Config, "Vulkan gpuId: {}", Config::getGpuId());
    LOG_INFO(Config, "Vulkan vkValidation: {}", Config::vkValidationEnabled());
    LOG_INFO(Config, "Vulkan vkValidationCore: {}", Config::vkValidationCoreEnabled());
    LOG_INFO(Config, "Vulkan vkValidationSync: {}", Config::vkValidationSyncEnabled());
    LOG_INFO(Config, "Vulkan vkValidationGpu: {}", Config::vkValidationGpuEnabled());
    LOG_INFO(Config, "Vulkan crashDiagnostics: {}", Config::getVkCrashDiagnosticEnabled());
    LOG_INFO(Config, "Vulkan hostMarkers: {}", Config::getVkHostMarkersEnabled());
    LOG_INFO(Config, "Vulkan guestMarkers: {}", Config::getVkGuestMarkersEnabled());
    LOG_INFO(Config, "Vulkan rdocEnable: {}", Config::isRdocEnabled());

    hwinfo::Memory ram;
    hwinfo::OS os;
    const auto cpus = hwinfo::getAllCPUs();
    for (const auto& cpu : cpus) {
        LOG_INFO(Config, "CPU Model: {}", cpu.modelName());
        LOG_INFO(Config, "CPU Physical Cores: {}, Logical Cores: {}", cpu.numPhysicalCores(),
                 cpu.numLogicalCores());
    }
    LOG_INFO(Config, "Total RAM: {} GB", std::round(ram.total_Bytes() / pow(1024, 3)));
    LOG_INFO(Config, "Operating System: {}", os.name());

    if (param_sfo_exists) {
        LOG_INFO(Loader, "Game id: {} Title: {}", id, title);
        LOG_INFO(Loader, "Fw: {:#x} App Version: {}", fw_version, app_version);
        LOG_INFO(Loader, "param.sfo SDK version: {:#x}", sdk_version);
        LOG_INFO(Loader, "eboot SDK version: {:#x}", game_info.sdk_ver);
        LOG_INFO(Loader, "PSVR Supported: {}", (bool)psf_attributes.support_ps_vr.Value());
        LOG_INFO(Loader, "PSVR Required: {}", (bool)psf_attributes.require_ps_vr.Value());
    }
    if (!args.empty()) {
        const auto argc = std::min<size_t>(args.size(), 32);
        for (auto i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
            LOG_INFO(Loader, "Game argument {}: {}", i, args[i]);
        }
        if (args.size() > 32) {
            LOG_ERROR(Loader, "Too many game arguments, only passing the first 32");
        }
    }

    // Create stdin/stdout/stderr
    Common::Singleton<FileSys::HandleTable>::Instance()->CreateStdHandles();

    // Initialize components
    memory = Core::Memory::Instance();
    controller = Common::Singleton<Input::GameController>::Instance();
    linker = Common::Singleton<Core::Linker>::Instance();

    // Load renderdoc module
    VideoCore::LoadRenderDoc();

    // Initialize patcher and trophies
    if (!id.empty()) {
        MemoryPatcher::g_game_serial = id;
        Libraries::Np::NpTrophy::game_serial = id;

        const auto trophyDir =
            Common::FS::GetUserPath(Common::FS::PathType::MetaDataDir) / id / "TrophyFiles";
        if (!std::filesystem::exists(trophyDir)) {
            TRP trp;
            if (!trp.Extract(game_folder, id)) {
                LOG_ERROR(Loader, "Couldn't extract trophies");
            }
        }
    }

    std::string game_title = fmt::format("{} - {} <{}>", id, title, app_version);
    std::string window_title = "";
    std::string remote_url(Common::g_scm_remote_url);
    std::string remote_host = Common::GetRemoteNameFromLink();
    if (Common::g_is_release) {
        if (remote_host == "shadps4-emu" || remote_url.length() == 0) {
            window_title = fmt::format("shadPS4 v{} | {}", Common::g_version, game_title);
        } else {
            window_title =
                fmt::format("shadPS4 {}/v{} | {}", remote_host, Common::g_version, game_title);
        }
    } else {
        if (remote_host == "shadps4-emu" || remote_url.length() == 0) {
            window_title = fmt::format("shadPS4 v{} {} {} | {}", Common::g_version,
                                       Common::g_scm_branch, Common::g_scm_desc, game_title);
        } else {
            window_title = fmt::format("shadPS4 v{} {}/{} {} | {}", Common::g_version, remote_host,
                                       Common::g_scm_branch, Common::g_scm_desc, game_title);
        }
    }
    window = std::make_unique<Frontend::WindowSDL>(
        Config::getWindowWidth(), Config::getWindowHeight(), controller, window_title);

    g_window = window.get();

    const auto& mount_data_dir = Common::FS::GetUserPath(Common::FS::PathType::GameDataDir);
    mnt->Mount(mount_data_dir, "/data");

    // Mounting temp folders
    const auto& mount_temp_dir = Common::FS::GetUserPath(Common::FS::PathType::TempDataDir) / id;
    if (std::filesystem::exists(mount_temp_dir)) {
        // Temp folder should be cleared on each boot.
        std::filesystem::remove_all(mount_temp_dir);
    }
    std::filesystem::create_directory(mount_temp_dir);
    mnt->Mount(mount_temp_dir, "/temp0");
    mnt->Mount(mount_temp_dir, "/temp");

    const auto& mount_download_dir =
        Common::FS::GetUserPath(Common::FS::PathType::DownloadDir) / id;
    if (!std::filesystem::exists(mount_download_dir)) {
        std::filesystem::create_directory(mount_download_dir);
    }
    mnt->Mount(mount_download_dir, "/download0");

    const auto& mount_captures_dir = Common::FS::GetUserPath(Common::FS::PathType::CapturesDir);
    if (!std::filesystem::exists(mount_captures_dir)) {
        std::filesystem::create_directory(mount_captures_dir);
    }
    VideoCore::SetOutputDir(mount_captures_dir, id);

    // Mount system fonts
    const auto& fonts_dir = Config::getFontsPath();
    if (!std::filesystem::exists(fonts_dir)) {
        std::filesystem::create_directory(fonts_dir);
    }

    // Fonts are mounted into the sandboxed system directory, construct the appropriate path.
    const char* sandbox_root = Libraries::Kernel::sceKernelGetFsSandboxRandomWord();
    std::string guest_font_dir = "/";
    guest_font_dir.append(sandbox_root).append("/common/font");
    const auto& host_font_dir = fonts_dir / "font";
    if (!std::filesystem::exists(host_font_dir)) {
        std::filesystem::create_directory(host_font_dir);
    }
    mnt->Mount(host_font_dir, guest_font_dir);

    // There is a second font directory, mount that too.
    guest_font_dir.append("2");
    const auto& host_font2_dir = fonts_dir / "font2";
    if (!std::filesystem::exists(host_font2_dir)) {
        std::filesystem::create_directory(host_font2_dir);
    }
    mnt->Mount(host_font2_dir, guest_font_dir);

    if (std::filesystem::is_empty(host_font_dir) || std::filesystem::is_empty(host_font2_dir)) {
        LOG_WARNING(Loader, "No dumped system fonts, expect missing text or instability");
    }

    // Initialize kernel and library facilities.
    Libraries::InitHLELibs(&linker->GetHLESymbols());

    // Load the module with the linker
    if (linker->LoadModule(eboot_path) == -1) {
        LOG_CRITICAL(Loader, "Failed to load game's eboot.bin: {}",
                     Common::FS::PathToUTF8String(std::filesystem::absolute(eboot_path)));
        std::quick_exit(0);
    }

#ifdef ENABLE_DISCORD_RPC
    // Discord RPC
    if (Config::getEnableDiscordRPC()) {
        auto* rpc = Common::Singleton<DiscordRPCHandler::RPC>::Instance();
        if (rpc->getRPCEnabled() == false) {
            rpc->init();
        }
        rpc->setStatusPlaying(game_info.title, id);
    }
#endif

    if (!id.empty()) {
        start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();

        std::thread([this, id]() {
            while (true) {
                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(60));
                UpdatePlayTime(id);
                start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
            }
        }).detach();
    }

    args.insert(args.begin(), eboot_name.generic_string());
    linker->Execute(args);

    window->InitTimers();
    while (window->IsOpen()) {
        window->WaitEvent();
    }

    UpdatePlayTime(id);
    Storage::DataBase::Instance().Close();

    std::quick_exit(0);
}

void Emulator::Restart(std::filesystem::path eboot_path,
                       const std::vector<std::string>& guest_args) {
    std::vector<std::string> args;

    auto mnt = Common::Singleton<Core::FileSys::MntPoints>::Instance();
    auto game_path = mnt->GetHostPath("/app0");

    args.push_back("--log-append");
    args.push_back("--game");
    args.push_back(Common::FS::PathToUTF8String(eboot_path));

    args.push_back("--override-root");
    args.push_back(Common::FS::PathToUTF8String(game_path));

    if (FileSys::MntPoints::ignore_game_patches) {
        args.push_back("--ignore-game-patch");
    }

    if (!MemoryPatcher::patch_file.empty()) {
        args.push_back("--patch");
        args.push_back(MemoryPatcher::patch_file);
    }

    args.push_back("--wait-for-pid");
    args.push_back(std::to_string(Debugger::GetCurrentPid()));

    if (waitForDebuggerBeforeRun) {
        args.push_back("--wait-for-debugger");
    }

    if (guest_args.size() > 0) {
        args.push_back("--");
        for (const auto& arg : guest_args) {
            args.push_back(arg);
        }
    }

    LOG_INFO(Common, "Restarting the emulator with args: {}", fmt::join(args, " "));
    Libraries::SaveData::Backup::StopThread();
    Common::Log::Denitializer();

    auto& ipc = IPC::Instance();

    if (ipc.IsEnabled()) {
        ipc.SendRestart(args);
        while (true) {
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::minutes(1));
        }
    }
#if defined(_WIN32)
    std::string cmdline;
    // Emulator executable
    cmdline += "\"";
    cmdline += executableName;
    cmdline += "\"";
    for (const auto& arg : args) {
        cmdline += " \"";
        cmdline += arg;
        cmdline += "\"";
    }
    cmdline += "\0";

    STARTUPINFOA si{};
    si.cb = sizeof(si);
    PROCESS_INFORMATION pi{};
    bool success = CreateProcessA(nullptr, cmdline.data(), nullptr, nullptr, TRUE, 0, nullptr,
                                  nullptr, &si, &pi);

    if (!success) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to restart game: {}" << GetLastError() << std::endl;
        std::quick_exit(1);
    }

    CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
    CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
#elif defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__linux__)
    std::vector<char*> argv;

    // Emulator executable
    argv.push_back(const_cast<char*>(executableName));

    for (const auto& arg : args) {
        argv.push_back(const_cast<char*>(arg.c_str()));
    }
    argv.push_back(nullptr);

    pid_t pid = fork();
    if (pid == 0) {
        // Child process - execute the new instance
        execvp(executableName, argv.data());
        std::cerr << "Failed to restart game: execvp failed" << std::endl;
        std::quick_exit(1);
    } else if (pid < 0) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to restart game: fork failed" << std::endl;
        std::quick_exit(1);
    }
#else
#error "Unsupported platform"
#endif

    std::quick_exit(0);
}

void Emulator::UpdatePlayTime(const std::string& serial) {
    const auto user_dir = Common::FS::GetUserPath(Common::FS::PathType::UserDir);
    const auto filePath = (user_dir / "play_time.txt").string();

    std::ifstream in(filePath);
    if (!in && !std::ofstream(filePath)) {
        LOG_INFO(Loader, "Error opening play_time.txt");
        return;
    }

    auto end_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
    auto duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(end_time - start_time);
    int total_seconds = static_cast<int>(duration.count());

    std::vector<std::string> lines;
    std::string line;
    while (std::getline(in, line)) {
        lines.push_back(line);
    }
    in.close();

    int accumulated_seconds = 0;
    bool found = false;

    for (const auto& l : lines) {
        std::istringstream iss(l);
        std::string s, time_str;
        if (iss >> s >> time_str && s == serial) {
            int h, m, s_;
            char c1, c2;
            std::istringstream ts(time_str);
            if (ts >> h >> c1 >> m >> c2 >> s_ && c1 == ':' && c2 == ':') {
                accumulated_seconds = h * 3600 + m * 60 + s_;
                found = true;
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    accumulated_seconds += total_seconds;
    int hours = accumulated_seconds / 3600;
    int minutes = (accumulated_seconds % 3600) / 60;
    int seconds = accumulated_seconds % 60;

    std::string playTimeSaved = fmt::format("{:d}:{:02d}:{:02d}", hours, minutes, seconds);

    std::ofstream outfile(filePath, std::ios::trunc);
    bool lineUpdated = false;
    for (const auto& l : lines) {
        std::istringstream iss(l);
        std::string s;
        if (iss >> s && s == serial) {
            outfile << fmt::format("{} {}\n", serial, playTimeSaved);
            lineUpdated = true;
        } else {
            outfile << l << "\n";
        }
    }

    if (!lineUpdated) {
        outfile << fmt::format("{} {}\n", serial, playTimeSaved);
    }

    LOG_INFO(Loader, "Playing time for {}: {}", serial, playTimeSaved);
}

} // namespace Core